POS Solutions, POS Retail, Ecommerce Merchandising
Article | June 10, 2024
At my current company Monizze, we issue social vouchers, like meal, eco and gift vouchers. These vouchers are consumed using a specific Monizze payment card via a physical terminal. As a result, I come into contact with card payments on a daily basis. Unfortunately, I am still far from being a card expert, but along the years I can say I have built up a good basic understanding of how a card payment happens. As I had to collect information from different sources to get this first good understanding, I thought it might be interesting to share my summary for "dummies" of how card payments work.
First let us have a look at the card itself. A card is just a plastic carrier on which a design is printed. Afterwards a chip (an embedded microprocessor) is attached to the card, on which 1 or more applications can be deployed. A card with such a chip is often also called a smart card or an EMV card, with EMV an abbreviation for "Europay MasterCard VISA", which are the 3 companies that originally established this global electronic transaction standard. A card does not need to have a chip, some cards only have a bar code or QR code on them, while others have a magnetic stripe. Obviously an EMV chip card is more secure than those other models.
Most EMV chip cards today are Dual Interface chip cards. This means the card can be used in both contact (i.e. the card is put in the terminal to read the chip) and contactless (i.e. the card communicates via an NFC antenna with the terminal) mode.
This should not be confused with co-branded / co-badged cards, which exist quite a lot in Europe. As many countries still have their local payment method (like Bancontact in Belgium, Girocard in Germany, Cartes Bancaires in France, PagoBancomat in Italy, MultiBanco in Portugal…), most banks in those countries issue such a co-badged card, which supports both this local payment method and a more international payment method. E.g. in Belgium almost all debit cards are co-badged with Bancontact and Maestro (Maestro being an international payment method owned by MasterCard).
When fabrication of EMV chip cards starts, all cards are the same. Of course by printing the design on the card and personalizing the card (with the name, card number…) you get a specific card. Additionally there is a personalization of the EMV chip. On the chip the specific application(s) of the card is deployed, as well as the specific personal information. This personal information stored on the card consists of the card number (also called the PAN number = Primary Account number), the expiration date, a security code (also called CVV = Card Verification Value or CVC = Card Verification Code), a number of cryptographic keys and the list of CVM checks (CVM = Card Verification Methods). This list indicates which type of security check should be applied and can depend on the type of payment (e.g. contact versus contactless), what the terminal supports and the amount. E.g. the CVM list can indicate that a contactless transaction can be executed up to 50 EUR without asking for a PIN.
The cryptographic keys ensure the necessary security. E.g. they are used to calculate a cryptogram (based on one of the stored secret keys and the info of the transaction), which is sent along to the issuer. The issuer can then verify that the transaction message was not altered along the way by calculating itself the cryptogram and comparing it with the provided cryptogram. In the same way, it is possible to encrypt a PIN code and send it to the issuer for verification. The PIN code can be stored on the chip and verified by the chip directly. This so-called PIN offline verification is however only possible when the chip can be read by the terminal. In case of a contactless transaction requiring a PIN, card issuers usually work with PIN online, which means the PIN is sent in an encrypted way to the issuer, who verifies the correctness of the PIN, before authorizing the transaction.
The information on the chip of a card can also be virtualized. This means that instead of the card sending the NFC signal (in contactless mode) to the terminal, it is also possible that your smartphone sends out this signal (and emulates the card). This can be a specific app, using HCE (= Host Card Emulation), but this technique is only available on Android phones, as Apple does not give access to the NFC antenna. A more common technique is of course Apple Pay and Google Pay, where you onboard your card on the Apple/Google infrastructure and your smartphone emulates the physical card.
Now that we have clarified what the card does, it is good to have a look at how a payment works.
The first step is of course telling the terminal (POS = Point of Sales terminal) how much the customer needs to pay. This can be inputted directly on the terminal, but large retailers have of course an integration with their cash register (= ECR = Electronic Cash Register). This integration allows to pass immediately info like the amount, which card types can be accepted (cashier can select a specific payment method) and potential other reference information. Obviously, a lot of cash register systems exist (e.g. Lightspeed, Square, Casio, Toshiba…) and also a lot of protocols to integrate ECRs with terminals (e.g. VIC protocol) and finally also a lot of different terminals (e.g. Wordline, Ingenico, CCV, Adyen, SumUp, VIVA Wallet, Cetrel, Loyaltek…). All these differences make those integrations quite a mess.
The terminal will then read the card (contact or contactless) and determine which verification methods need to be applied. Once the verifications on the terminal are ok, the payment is sent to the Acquirer (often the merchant’s bank), which sends the payment to the Issuer (usually the bank of the card holder, which issued the card). This Issuer validates if the card is still active, if the PIN code is correct (in case of PIN online), if the customer is allowed to do a transaction at this merchant (e.g. card might be disabled for foreign transactions) and whether the customer has sufficient funds to execute the payment. In case of a positive reply, the payment is considered as successful, even though the actual settlement will usually happen later. This settlement consists of the acquirer requesting payment to the issuing bank, the issuing bank debiting the cardholder’s account and transmitting the money to the acquirer bank and the acquirer bank crediting the merchant’s account.the cardholder’s account and transmitting the money to the acquirer bank and the acquirer bank crediting the merchant’s account.
For the communication between the terminal, acquirer and issuer a "Payment Network", like VISA, MasterCard, American Express, UnionPay, Bancontact… is used. This payment network sets all the rules of how these different players should interact. Additionally there are multiple protocols of how terminals can communicate with the Acquirer, like CTAP, EP2, Nexo (EPAS), IFSF, STD70, ABI-CB (Italy)…, making it for international players very hard to support all local payment methods.
It is also important to understand the difference between a "Four Corner model" (also called a Four-Party scheme, Open Scheme or Open Loop payment model) and a "Three Corner Model" (also called a Three-Party scheme, Closed Scheme and Closed loop payment model). The first model is the model described above and is the most widely used. E.g. VISA, MasterCard and UnionPay use this model. In the second model ("Three Corner Model"), the issuer, acquirer and payment network are the same party. This means the payment network provides the card to the card holder and contracts with the merchant to configure/setup the terminal. Typical examples are Diners Club, Discover Card and American Express, but often also niche payment methods, like the social vouchers (e.g. meal voucher payments) of Monizze fall in this category (even though in many countries, social vouchers are also handled via an "Open Loop" model based on VISA or MasterCard).
As you can see a card payment involves a large number of parties. While cash registers and terminals are bought or rented by merchants and typically include also a monthly service fee, the other players are usually paid per transaction. The Acquirer will recover those transaction fees from the merchant through a "Merchant service charge". The Acquirer however keeps only a small part of this fee, as around 20% of this fee (the so-called scheme fee) is going to the payment network (e.g. VISA or MasterCard) and up to 70% (the so-called interchange fee) to the Issuer. Part of this interchange fee is often used in the form of rewards (e.g. cashbacks) to the customer, thus encouraging the card holder to use his card as much as possible.
Card payments are clearly undergoing a major transformation. On the one hand, there is a strong push towards a cashless society. This trend, strongly accelerated by the Covid crisis, increases the use of card payments. On the other hand, there is a trend to replace the physical cards by payments with smartphones. This includes the exponential rise of the use of Apple Pay and Google Pay, but also new payment techniques, often based on QR code scanning (like e.g. Payconiq in Belgium).
Additionally due to the aggressive take-over strategy of the 2 major American players (VISA and MasterCard) in the last decade, there is a strong feeling, especially in Europe, that there is need for more competition and a new European player. As a result, several large European banks are joining forces to create a European alternative. It is however doubtful that this new initiative will be successful, as new technologies and payment methods, like PSD2 Payment Initiation, SEPA Request to Pay (SRTP), instant payments, CBDCs… can likely give better (more frictionless and cheaper) alternatives to the traditional card payment schemes.
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POS Solutions, POS Retail, Ecommerce Merchandising
Article | June 7, 2024
Think ‘omnichannel retail,’ and the first brands that spring to mind might be Target, Alibaba, or Best Buy. The term is usually associated with giant brands and mass merchants—but it doesn’t have to be.
Walmart, Amazon, Sephora, and their ilk may dominate the headlines as early adopters achieving great feats, such as one-hour store pickup, record sales after a viral TikTok, or loyalty-boosting mobile apps. But omnichannel retail is just as achievable for small-to mid-sized brands and just as critical to future success.
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POS Solutions, Ecommerce Merchandising
Article | June 7, 2024
To manage a drugstore efficiently, shopkeepers would need a pharmacy POS to automate inventory management, curbside collection, or drive-thru orders. Our today’s article will point out the 5 best pharmacy software that can improve your business operation.
ConnectPOS: An awarded POS system
Being trusted by more than 10 thousand retailers worldwide, ConnectPOS offers the best solutions for multiple retail industries including pharmacy.
Product and order management
Thanks to the option that assigns each location to a different outlet, your inventory will no longer be cluttered. Customers may order online and pick it up in the shop. Refunds and exchanges are also accepted in physical locations.
Customer management
ConnectPOS supports loyalty programs with extensions from dependable vendors (Aheadworks, Amasty, etc). With the group pricing feature, you can develop effective tiered pricing for multiple consumer groups, thus providing your customers with a better experience. Moreover, gift cards, which can be used in both online and offline retailers, are accepted by ConnectPOS.
DataScan: A well-known pharmacy POS
Being in the pharmacy business for over 35 years, DataScan has a broad knowledge of the profession and always keeps up with industry trends.
For wholesalers and analyzing sales
This software includes a system that can do your shopping for you! It will compare prices from all wholesalers to find the best deal. You can also keep track of all previous outcomes and sales.
Financial reporting
The system will not only track your sales, but will also provide financial reports for you and your accountant. You will also receive an end-of-day reconciliation statement to assist you in staying on track.
PrimeRx: Efficiency drug system
As an all-in-one pharmacy POS software for automated prescription filling, invoicing, and claim processing, PrimeRx is ideal for independent, retail, and multi-store pharmacy owners. It enables a customizable workflow that is both efficient and straightforward.
Automated refill management
By evaluating the patient, prescriber, and pharmaceutical inventory, this system can fill prescriptions. Scheduled refills, as well as missed or expired refills, are displayed on the Dashboard.
Updates and Interaction with customers
The Patient Status Board is a standout feature of PrimeRx. You may converse with your customers as they wait for their prescriptions using this board. Customers can see where they are in line and how much longer they will have to wait. They will not have to disturb the pharmacist or the technician, and they will not be in the dark.
PioneerRx: Global pharmacy POS
PioneerRx is considered the most widely used pharmacy POS system. Its purpose is to deliver new tools to small businesses so they may outperform their larger competitors.
Inventory control
Inventory management using shelf stickers is one of PioneerRx’s primary features. This POS system creates shelf labels rather than pricing labels for each item. This helps your personnel to swiftly determine whether an item needs to be replenished or has been placed in an inappropriate location.
Financial Intelligence and reporting
You may send prescription data to pharmaceutical companies via the PioneerRx system. Make your own label revisions and financial reports as well.
BesyRx: A feature-rich system
As a pharmacy POS system that is uncomplicated and easy to use, BesyRX is confident in its product, with the introductory sentence “Your search for the best pharmacy management software ends here.”
Signature capture for electronic and mobile delivery
BestRx comes with a signature pad that allows you to electronically collect signatures. This includes signatures for prescriptions, HIPAA, and credit cards. The e-signatures are saved in the system and may be retrieved for audits or reporting as needed.
This software also has a mobile delivery system that allows the pharmacy to keep track of all shipments received digitally.
Document Management
BestRx makes document management simple by allowing your team to scan and import papers straight into the system. Furthermore, the papers may be retrieved at the press of a button. The papers are securely kept and backed up on an encrypted, HIPAA-compliant cloud server.
Conclusion
Most pharmacy POS systems include various features to help your drugstore increase sales and efficiency.
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Article | April 16, 2020
A retail POS system is a system that includes customer display, barcode scanner, receipt printer, cash drawer, monitor, computer, and debit/credit card reader. POS systems offer the functionalities of CRM to interact with the customers or integration with an existing CRM system, sending of email & text messages, loyalty reward program, updating contact records, and functions for setting an appointment.
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