POS Solutions
Article | February 15, 2024
At my current company Monizze, we issue social vouchers, like meal, eco and gift vouchers. These vouchers are consumed using a specific Monizze payment card via a physical terminal. As a result, I come into contact with card payments on a daily basis. Unfortunately, I am still far from being a card expert, but along the years I can say I have built up a good basic understanding of how a card payment happens. As I had to collect information from different sources to get this first good understanding, I thought it might be interesting to share my summary for "dummies" of how card payments work.
First let us have a look at the card itself. A card is just a plastic carrier on which a design is printed. Afterwards a chip (an embedded microprocessor) is attached to the card, on which 1 or more applications can be deployed. A card with such a chip is often also called a smart card or an EMV card, with EMV an abbreviation for "Europay MasterCard VISA", which are the 3 companies that originally established this global electronic transaction standard. A card does not need to have a chip, some cards only have a bar code or QR code on them, while others have a magnetic stripe. Obviously an EMV chip card is more secure than those other models.
Most EMV chip cards today are Dual Interface chip cards. This means the card can be used in both contact (i.e. the card is put in the terminal to read the chip) and contactless (i.e. the card communicates via an NFC antenna with the terminal) mode.
This should not be confused with co-branded / co-badged cards, which exist quite a lot in Europe. As many countries still have their local payment method (like Bancontact in Belgium, Girocard in Germany, Cartes Bancaires in France, PagoBancomat in Italy, MultiBanco in Portugal…), most banks in those countries issue such a co-badged card, which supports both this local payment method and a more international payment method. E.g. in Belgium almost all debit cards are co-badged with Bancontact and Maestro (Maestro being an international payment method owned by MasterCard).
When fabrication of EMV chip cards starts, all cards are the same. Of course by printing the design on the card and personalizing the card (with the name, card number…) you get a specific card. Additionally there is a personalization of the EMV chip. On the chip the specific application(s) of the card is deployed, as well as the specific personal information. This personal information stored on the card consists of the card number (also called the PAN number = Primary Account number), the expiration date, a security code (also called CVV = Card Verification Value or CVC = Card Verification Code), a number of cryptographic keys and the list of CVM checks (CVM = Card Verification Methods). This list indicates which type of security check should be applied and can depend on the type of payment (e.g. contact versus contactless), what the terminal supports and the amount. E.g. the CVM list can indicate that a contactless transaction can be executed up to 50 EUR without asking for a PIN.
The cryptographic keys ensure the necessary security. E.g. they are used to calculate a cryptogram (based on one of the stored secret keys and the info of the transaction), which is sent along to the issuer. The issuer can then verify that the transaction message was not altered along the way by calculating itself the cryptogram and comparing it with the provided cryptogram. In the same way, it is possible to encrypt a PIN code and send it to the issuer for verification. The PIN code can be stored on the chip and verified by the chip directly. This so-called PIN offline verification is however only possible when the chip can be read by the terminal. In case of a contactless transaction requiring a PIN, card issuers usually work with PIN online, which means the PIN is sent in an encrypted way to the issuer, who verifies the correctness of the PIN, before authorizing the transaction.
The information on the chip of a card can also be virtualized. This means that instead of the card sending the NFC signal (in contactless mode) to the terminal, it is also possible that your smartphone sends out this signal (and emulates the card). This can be a specific app, using HCE (= Host Card Emulation), but this technique is only available on Android phones, as Apple does not give access to the NFC antenna. A more common technique is of course Apple Pay and Google Pay, where you onboard your card on the Apple/Google infrastructure and your smartphone emulates the physical card.
Now that we have clarified what the card does, it is good to have a look at how a payment works.
The first step is of course telling the terminal (POS = Point of Sales terminal) how much the customer needs to pay. This can be inputted directly on the terminal, but large retailers have of course an integration with their cash register (= ECR = Electronic Cash Register). This integration allows to pass immediately info like the amount, which card types can be accepted (cashier can select a specific payment method) and potential other reference information. Obviously, a lot of cash register systems exist (e.g. Lightspeed, Square, Casio, Toshiba…) and also a lot of protocols to integrate ECRs with terminals (e.g. VIC protocol) and finally also a lot of different terminals (e.g. Wordline, Ingenico, CCV, Adyen, SumUp, VIVA Wallet, Cetrel, Loyaltek…). All these differences make those integrations quite a mess.
The terminal will then read the card (contact or contactless) and determine which verification methods need to be applied. Once the verifications on the terminal are ok, the payment is sent to the Acquirer (often the merchant’s bank), which sends the payment to the Issuer (usually the bank of the card holder, which issued the card). This Issuer validates if the card is still active, if the PIN code is correct (in case of PIN online), if the customer is allowed to do a transaction at this merchant (e.g. card might be disabled for foreign transactions) and whether the customer has sufficient funds to execute the payment. In case of a positive reply, the payment is considered as successful, even though the actual settlement will usually happen later. This settlement consists of the acquirer requesting payment to the issuing bank, the issuing bank debiting the cardholder’s account and transmitting the money to the acquirer bank and the acquirer bank crediting the merchant’s account.the cardholder’s account and transmitting the money to the acquirer bank and the acquirer bank crediting the merchant’s account.
For the communication between the terminal, acquirer and issuer a "Payment Network", like VISA, MasterCard, American Express, UnionPay, Bancontact… is used. This payment network sets all the rules of how these different players should interact. Additionally there are multiple protocols of how terminals can communicate with the Acquirer, like CTAP, EP2, Nexo (EPAS), IFSF, STD70, ABI-CB (Italy)…, making it for international players very hard to support all local payment methods.
It is also important to understand the difference between a "Four Corner model" (also called a Four-Party scheme, Open Scheme or Open Loop payment model) and a "Three Corner Model" (also called a Three-Party scheme, Closed Scheme and Closed loop payment model). The first model is the model described above and is the most widely used. E.g. VISA, MasterCard and UnionPay use this model. In the second model ("Three Corner Model"), the issuer, acquirer and payment network are the same party. This means the payment network provides the card to the card holder and contracts with the merchant to configure/setup the terminal. Typical examples are Diners Club, Discover Card and American Express, but often also niche payment methods, like the social vouchers (e.g. meal voucher payments) of Monizze fall in this category (even though in many countries, social vouchers are also handled via an "Open Loop" model based on VISA or MasterCard).
As you can see a card payment involves a large number of parties. While cash registers and terminals are bought or rented by merchants and typically include also a monthly service fee, the other players are usually paid per transaction. The Acquirer will recover those transaction fees from the merchant through a "Merchant service charge". The Acquirer however keeps only a small part of this fee, as around 20% of this fee (the so-called scheme fee) is going to the payment network (e.g. VISA or MasterCard) and up to 70% (the so-called interchange fee) to the Issuer. Part of this interchange fee is often used in the form of rewards (e.g. cashbacks) to the customer, thus encouraging the card holder to use his card as much as possible.
Card payments are clearly undergoing a major transformation. On the one hand, there is a strong push towards a cashless society. This trend, strongly accelerated by the Covid crisis, increases the use of card payments. On the other hand, there is a trend to replace the physical cards by payments with smartphones. This includes the exponential rise of the use of Apple Pay and Google Pay, but also new payment techniques, often based on QR code scanning (like e.g. Payconiq in Belgium).
Additionally due to the aggressive take-over strategy of the 2 major American players (VISA and MasterCard) in the last decade, there is a strong feeling, especially in Europe, that there is need for more competition and a new European player. As a result, several large European banks are joining forces to create a European alternative. It is however doubtful that this new initiative will be successful, as new technologies and payment methods, like PSD2 Payment Initiation, SEPA Request to Pay (SRTP), instant payments, CBDCs… can likely give better (more frictionless and cheaper) alternatives to the traditional card payment schemes.
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POS Solutions
Article | February 14, 2024
Innovative POS systems with built-in advanced inventory management and secured payments to mandate their adoption by retailers.
For businesses and retailers, conventional cash registers have long been an important part of sales operations during the past few years. But today, the cash registers of even the smallest of businesses are attached to a computer through "point-of-sale" (POS) systems.
These novel solutions have garnered huge popularity over traditional cash registers as they not only ring up the sales but also provide crucial and real-time information about the customer and inventory. The importance of POS systems goes way beyond managing transactions at checkout counters across the retail industry.
Emphasis on Improving Customer Experience Demands POS Adoption:
With a growing fast-paced lifestyle, customers around the world are opting for faster, and more convenient shopping and billing experiences. Reassuring customers that their transactions are secure significantly increases satisfaction and customer loyalty.
Since novel POS systems assist in providing faster checkout, flexibility in payment options, highly secured payments, and a seamless billing experience, these POS systems are extensively being adopted by modern retailers.
According to a study, retailers across the U.S. lose nearly $45 billion, due to insufficient inventory in stock, and $224 billion, due to excess inventory. POS systems help in managing the inventory, resulting in declining losses by preventing excess or insufficient inventory. An estimate states that, an independent retailer with a $400,000 revenue can cut costs by nearly 10%, saving an average of $40,000 per year.
What Comes Next?
With technology getting better and new POS solutions like cloud-based, mobile, cashless payment, and others coming out, retailers are extensively installing POS solutions to make it easy for customers to pay.
For instance, Veras Retail and ACCEO Solutions Inc., an American company specializing in all types of electronic payment transactions, announced plans to install their respective payment middleware solutions and point-of-sale software solutions in National Stores locations across Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Hence, the growing focus on enhancing in-store customer experience and customer retention is mandating modern retailers to deploy POS solutions.
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POS Solutions, Ecommerce Merchandising
Article | June 7, 2024
All great businesses are blooming on the edifice of POS, which stands for Point of Sale System. Every inch of your business consistency, management, and profits is subjected wholly and solely to the retail POS system. As we all are aware of its importance in a business and how effectively it tends to expand business empires and profits. In other words, a retail POS system is like a Midas touch to your business; it enhances it and enhances it for good, adorning it with golden profits. The idea of POS software is simple. It excludes every chance of human errors and inconsistencies, holds back your company's loss, and increases the productivity of your checkout counter. This is all it does, and all of these tasks are simple, but they are reassuring business tactics that ensure promising gains and remarkable retail growth.
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POS Retail
Article | July 18, 2023
Contents
1.Introduction
2.POS-related Problems Faced by Modern Retailers
2.1 Security (absence of PCI compliance)
2.2 Insufficient Technical Support
2.3 Network Reliability and Downtime
2.4 Scalability and Flexibility
2.5 No Mobile App Version Option
3 Custom Cloud POS Development: Solving Modern POS Problems
4 TheWays Ahead
1. Introduction
With the rapidly changing retail landscape, retailers are constantly looking for effective and innovative ways to provide secure and quick transactions with the ability to monitor and track the sales plan execution. As a result, they are increasingly looking for innovative POS systems, such as mobile app-based POS, with the latest capabilities that can collect data from inventory, customer, and payment sources for making deeper analysis and reporting on the company’s performance. Traditional off-the-shelf POS systems and POS withdrawal networks are not equipped to cover all requirements and needs of the retailers, which causes numerous problems after implementation. Custom cloud POS development allows for reviewing all these problems and risks before deployment, where they consider all the peculiarities and requirements, including POS security and POS network, as a business owner. In addition to the deepening trend of customization, businesses are increasingly focusing on building customized cloud POS development that meets their exact requirements.
2. POS-related Problems Faced by Modern Retailers
Retail businesses implement POS software and applications for better data management, inventory management, finance and payments management, sales data analytics, and precise report generation. Every organization chooses a POS system based on its required feature set. However, POS implementation frequently is unable to address all issues that arise in the processes that it is required to resolve.
Here are some of the most common POS problems that retailers face:
2.1 Absence of PCI Compliance and Security
One of the significant challenges modern retailers face during the implementation of conventional POS systems is the absence of Payment Card Industry (PCI) compliance which hamper POS security. This poses a serious security risk as it leaves retailers vulnerable to potential data breaches and compromises customer payment information. Therefore, ensuring the implementation of robust POS system security measures and complying with PCI standards becomes imperative for businesses and retailers to safeguard sensitive data and maintain customer trust.
2.2 Insufficient Technical Support
Another hurdle modern retailers face is the lack of adequate POS technical support during the implementation process. Inadequate support can result in delays, system malfunctions, and difficulties in troubleshooting technical issues. As a result, retailers require prompt assistance to address any technical glitches that may arise, ensuring smooth operations and minimizing disruptions to their business activities.
2.3 Network Reliability and Downtime
In a fast-paced retail environment, where transactions must be processed swiftly and seamlessly, any disruptions or slowdowns in the POS network can lead to significant revenue losses and customer dissatisfaction. Retailers heavily rely on a stable POS network connection to ensure real-time inventory updates, accurate pricing, and efficient payment processing. Therefore, any network outages or connectivity issues can hamper the smooth functioning of the POS system and adversely impact the overall business operations.
2.4 Scalability and Flexibility
Retail businesses often experience fluctuations in demand, particularly during peak seasons or promotional campaigns. Due to this, they require POS systems that can efficiently handle high transaction volumes and accommodate additional functionalities or integrations as the business grows. However, many retailers encounter challenges when trying to scale their existing POS infrastructure to meet the evolving needs of their business. The lack of scalability and flexibility can hinder their ability to adapt to changing market dynamics and may result in operational inefficiencies and missed growth opportunities.
2.5 No Mobile App Version Option
With the increasing adoption of mobile devices and the growing demand for mobile shopping experiences, the absence of a mobile app version for the POS system poses a problem for modern retailers. Not having a mobile POS app version restricts retailers from offering convenient mobile-based transactions and limits their ability to cater to customers' changing preferences. A retailers system enables retailers to enhance customer engagement, improve convenience, and tap into the growing mobile commerce market.
3. Custom Cloud POS Development: Solving Modern POS Problems
Custom cloud POS development offers a comprehensive solution to the challenges faced by modern retailers during the implementation of POS systems. It addresses security concerns by incorporating robust measures, including encryption protocols and adherence to PCI compliance standards. Retailers can work closely with experienced developers to ensure the system safeguards sensitive customer payment information, enhancing trust and confidence in their brand.Additionally, custom development provides tailored technical support, allowing retailers to define their specific requirements and receive prompt assistance. This minimizes disruptions and ensures smooth operations throughout the implementation process.Custom cloud POS development enables retailers to choose a reliable system provider, negotiating service-level agreements to guarantee uninterrupted connectivity and fast response times. This also assists retailers in adapting the system to their changing needs and integrating a mobile app based POS system to enhance customer engagement and align with the growing trend of mobile commerce.Retailers can create a seamless mobile experience, enabling customers to make purchases, access loyalty programs, and check inventory conveniently from their mobile devices by collaborating with developers. The adoption of custom cloud POS development assists retailers to optimize their operations, provide a seamless shopping experience, and stay competitive in the ever-evolving retail industry.
4. The Ways Ahead
With evolving customer expectations, the demand for personalized experiences and seamless integrations will continue to drive the adoption of custom POS development. The growing integration of advanced technologies such as data analytics, artificial intelligence, and omnichannel capabilities in the cloud POS is further assisting custom cloud POS systems to offer even more sophisticated features and insights, such as enhanced POS security and POS network. On account of this, businesses are able to adapt their POS systems to specific requirements and gain deeper insights into customer behavior, optimize operations, and make data-driven decisions. As custom cloud POS development provide robust POS security measures and compliance with emerging regulations, ensuring the protection of sensitive customer data and mitigating the risk of data breaches, the demand for these modern POS system will significantly increase across the retail industry in the coming years.
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